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SQL Language Elements

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This chapter describes syntactical elements of the SQL language which occur in SQL statements. The elements described here are generally represented in the statement descriptions in SQL Statement Descriptions by single parameter words.

Users not accustomed to writing SQL statements will need to refer to the syntax descriptions in this chapter in order to construct many of the full SQL statements.

The language elements dealt with here are summarized in the table below:

Language Element	Summary	Section
Operators	Arithmetical, string operators, comparison, relational operators and logical operators.	Operators.
Value specifications	Specifying fixed values in expressions.	Value Specifications.
Default values	Specifying default values in CREATE statements.	Default Values.
Set functions	AVG, COUNT, MAX, MIN, SUM.	Set Functions.
Scalar functions	Scalar functions.	Scalar Functions.
CASE expression	Expression by which a conditional value can be specified.	CASE Expression.
CAST specification	Data type conversion specification.	CAST Specification.
Expressions	General value specifications.	Expressions.
Predicates	Conditional statements (basic, quantified, BETWEEN, IN, LIKE, NULL, EXISTS, OVERLAPS predicates).	Predicates.
Search conditions	Composite predicates defining row subsets from tables.	Search Conditions.
Select specification	Language elements defining row/column subsets from tables.	Select Specification.
Joined tables	Inner and outer join specifications.	Joined Tables.
Select statements	Combinations of one or more subselects.	SELECT Statements
Escape clause	Escape clause for vendor-specific SQL.	Vendor-specific SQL.

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