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Mimer SQL Statements

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Mimer SQL is a language made up of a number of different statements, which may be divided into the following basic categories:

• Data definition statements
• Access Control Statements
• Data manipulation statements
• Connection statements
• Transaction control statements
• Database administration statements

The SQL statements are described in detail in subsequent chapters of this manual and in the Mimer SQL Reference Manual, Chapter 12, SQL Statement Descriptions.

In addition, there is a set of commands specific to the BSQL environment, for managing output formatting and so on, see Mimer BSQL.

Note: In Mimer BSQL, statements are terminated by a semicolon (;). This is not part of the SQL statement syntax, but is included in the examples in this manual.

Data Definition Statements

Data definition statements are used to maintain objects in a database. For example:

• CREATE, creates objects
• ALTER, modifies objects
• DROP, drops objects
• COMMENT, documents objects.

Access Control Statements

Access Control Statements are used to manage privileges. For example:

• GRANT grants privileges
• REVOKE revokes privileges.

Data Manipulation Statements

Data manipulation statements are used to examine and change data in the database. For example:

• SELECT retrieves data
• INSERT adds new rows to tables
• UPDATE changes data in existing rows
• DELETE deletes data
• CALL executes routines
• SET value assignment.

Connection Statements

Connection statements are used to connect and disconnect user and program idents to or from the database. For example:

• CONNECT connects a user ident to the database
• DISCONNECT disconnects a user ident from the database
• SET CONNECTION changes the active database connection
• ENTER enters a PROGRAM ident
• LEAVE leaves a PROGRAM ident.

Transaction Control Statements

Transaction control statements are used to control when database transactions begin and end, and when updates take effect. For example:

• SET TRANSACTION sets transaction options for subsequent transactions
• SET SESSION sets the default transaction options for the session
• START starts a transaction build-up
• COMMIT commits the current transaction
• ROLLBACK abandons the current transaction.

Database Administration Statements

Database administration statements are used to manage backup/restore operations and the statistical information used to optimize queries. For example:

• CREATE BACKUP creates a backup copy of a databank, with an optional incremental backup. Incremental backups may also be taken on their own with the statement CREATE INCREMENTAL BACKUP
• ALTER DATABANK, the RESTORE variant of this statement recovers a databank from incremental backup information
• SET DATABASE sets the database ONLINE or OFFLINE
• SET DATABANK sets a databank ONLINE or OFFLINE
• SET SHADOW sets one or more shadows ONLINE or OFFLINE
• UPDATE STATISTICS updates the statistical information used for query optimization.

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